Ectopic spleen in a dog
From Chapter 7 – Spleen 
Figure 7.51. Ectopic spleen in a dog. A small rounded structure (arrow) is present along the mesenteric side of the spleen, near the hilus. It has similar echogenicity and echotexture as the spleen (Sp). Such tissue may be misinterpreted as an enlarged lymph node or metastatic nodule.
co-authored by Silke Hecht and Wilfried Mai
Progression of normal pregnancy in a domestic shorthair cat
From Chapter 13 – Female Reproductive Tract
Figure 13.14. Progression of normal pregnancy in a domestic shorthair cat. A: Day 24. The embryo (arrow) is visible within the gestational chamber surrounded by copious fluid. B: Day 39. Sagittal image of the fetus with the head (H) to the left. Liver parenchyma (L) is visible. The placenta is in the near field (arrows). C: Day 60. Sagittal image of the fetus. The heart (H), fluid filled stomach (S) and liver (L) are easily visualized. The lung (Lu) is hyperechoic. D: Day 60. A dorsal view of the skull shows the brain (Br) and eyes (arrows).
co-authored by Silke Hecht and Rachel Pollard
Large soft tissue sarcoma in a 10 yr-old mixed breed dog
Excerpt from Chapter 17 – Musculoskeletal System
Figure 17.58. Large soft tissue sarcoma in a 10 yr-old mixed breed dog. The craniocaudal radiograph of the elbow of this dog shows severe soft tissue swelling and an irregular new bone formation and lysis involving the humeral condyle and proximal radius and ulna. The convex sonographic probe was placed in transverse plane to obtain images A and B, at the level of the humeral diaphysis (HD) and humeral condyle (HC), respectively. Note the heterogeneous mass (arrowheads and between calipers) partly encircling the humerus of this dog.
co-authored by Marc-André d’Anjou and Laurent Blond.
Aliasing artifact
Excerpt from Chapter 1 – Practical Physical Concepts & Artifacts
Figure 1.24: Aliasing artifact. A: With color Doppler, aliasing appears as a linear or mosaic hue in the center of a high flow velocity vessel and when the measuring scale (on the right, 3.5 cm/sec in this case) is exceeded. B: By increasing the scale to 5.1 cm/sec, the artifact is less pronounced. C: It disappears completely when the scale is increased to 7.6 cm/sec. D: With Spectral Doppler, aliasing manifests itself as wrap-around of the flow profile on the opposite extremity of the velocity scale. The measured maximal velocity of this iliac artery (in direction of the transducer) exceeds 60 cm/sec and is interpreted as reversed (arrow). E: Increasing the velocity scale (or pulse repetition frequency) to 150 cm/sec, allows the entire flow spectrum to be included. Note that the calculated maximal velocity of this artery exceeds 100 cm/sec. F: The baseline (arrowhead) position can also be responsible for the onset of aliasing. In this case, it was moved to the positive side, reducing the scale on that side (maximal velocity approximating 75 cm/sec), and resulting in velocity peak wrap-around (arrow).
co-authored by Marc-André d’Anjou and Dominique Penninck.
[VIDEO] Gallbladder mucoceles in dogs
From the video collection of Chapter 6 – Liver. Click HD on bottom right of viewer for optimized experience. Read the rest of our Blog for more cases!
[VIDEO] Thymoma in a dog
From the video collection of Chapter 4 – Thorax.
Normal lymph nodes and salivary glands in dogs
Excerpt from Chapter 3
Figure 3.3. Normal lymph nodes and salivary glands. A: Illustration of the anatomical location of these structures in the canine neck. TB, tympanic bulla; EEC, external ear canal; PSG, parotid salivary gland; MSG, mandibular salivary gland; M, mandible; MLN, mandibular lymph nodes; RLN, retropharyngeal lymph node. B and C: Sagittal (B) and transverse (C) sonographic images of the mandibular salivary gland (MSG) and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRP). Cranial is to the left of the image. The MSG has a striated echotexture with a central linear echo. It is adjacent to the more hypoechoic digastric muscle overlying the hyperechoic interface of the mandibular ramus (MR). The MRP lymph node is more echogenic and located obliquely dorsomedial to the salivary gland. The lymph node is located lateral to the common carotid artery (ECA) in the transverse plane (C). D. Sagittal sonographic image of one of the mandibular lymph nodes. This node shows a hypoechoic halo in this asymptomatic dog, and is considered normal. E. Sagittal sonogram of the tympanic bulla. Note the hyper convex interface with deep acoustic reverberation. F. Sagittal image of the normal parotid salivary gland (PSG), which is located caudal to the external ear canal (EEC). Note that le gland partly encircles the canal ventrally.
Co-authored by Allison Zwingenberger and Olivier Taeymans.
Shape of the ultrasound beam in depth
Excerpt from Chapter 1 – Practical Physical Concepts & Artifacts
Figure 1.6 Shape of the ultrasound beam in depth. The ultrasound beam is larger at its emission point (piezoelectric elements) before narrowing at the focal point (FP), and becoming larger again further in depth. This change in shape affects the lateral resolution (LR, i.e. beam width) and slice-thickness (ST, or elevational resolution), but does not affect the axial resolution (AR), which is dictated by the pulse frequency that remains constant in depth. Generally, the axial resolution is superior to the other resolutions. The white arrows represent the path of each pulse line, which is repeated along the grey curved arrow to cover the entire field. The small yellow cubes represent the volume of tissue that is scanned successively to acquire individual echogenicities translated into pixels of variable brightness on the monitor. Note the change in size and shape of these voxels modulated by the size and shape of each ultrasound pulse line.
by Marc-André d’Anjou and Dominique Penninck
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